Comparison of Sonication and Microwave Radiation Methods in the Synthesis of Isoeugenol Using Ruthenium(III) Chloride Catalyst

Perbandingan Metode Sonikasi dan Radiasi Gelombang Mikro dalam Sintesis Isoeugenol dengan Katalis Rutenium(III) klorida

Abstract

The transformation of eugenol into isoeugenol is achieved through isomerization, a reaction commonly influenced by catalysts and temperature. One of the efforts to accelerate the reaction rate involves the use of energy assistance to create an efficient synthesis method. Commonly used methods to expedite reaction rates include ultrasonic energy and microwave radiation. In this study, 0.24% (b/b) of the catalyst was reacted with eugenol. Characterization analysis of the synthesized solution indicates that both methods resulted in structural changes in the double bond of the eugenol alkenyl group, forming isoeugenol. This transformation was confirmed through refractive index values, TLC, IR spectroscopy, and ¹H-NMR analysis. The refractive index values for the synthesized solutions using sonication and microwave radiation were 1.579 and 1.574, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy analysis of the products synthesized by both methods revealed the presence of (C=C) alkene groups at 1602.25 cm^-1 and methyl (-CH₃) groups at 2938.83 cm^-1. Similarly, the ¹H-NMR spectroscopy analysis of the synthesized products showed the presence of 12 protons with a H value of 1.9 ppm, indicating the formation of -CH₃ groups. Therefore, based on the percentage yield values of synthesized products obtained using sonication and microwave radiation methods, which were 97.87% and 82.97%, respectively, it can be concluded that the sonication method is more efficient.