In Vitro and In Silico α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Blood Glucose Reduction in Mice from Ethanol Extract of Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla) Seeds

Aktivitas Penghambatan α-Glukosidase secara in vitro dan in silico serta Penurunan Glukosa Darah pada Mencit dari Ekstrak Etanol Biji Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla)

Abstract

Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla) is a tropical plant containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds that can be used as antidiabetic. This study aims to identify secondary metabolite compounds in the ethanol extract of B. macrophylla seeds, determine the antidiabetic potential through inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme in vitro and in silico and determine the reduction in blood sugar levels in vivo. The ethanol extract of B. macrophylla seeds has a % yield of 31.74 with secondary metabolite content such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins and triterpenoids. The results of the UPLCMS/MS analysis of the ethanol extract of B. macrophylla seeds contain 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, laricitrin and L-(-)-phenylalanine compounds and can inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 22.5627 µg/mL. In silico, L-(-)-fenilalanin and laricitrin compounds have the best free energy and inhibiton constant values for the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme (PDB ID: 3L4Y). In vivo, the ethanol extract of B. macrophylla seeds can reduce blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced Mus muscullus mice by 63.0% at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds are thought to play a role in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme in vitro and in silico and in reducing blood sugar levels in mice.