Jurnal Kartika Kimia

Catalytic Liquid-phase Oxidation of Phenol under Mild Condition over Pt/CeO2–ZrO2–SnO2/SBA-16: Loading Optimization and Kinetic Analysis

2025-06-09T07:26:37+08:00

Phenol removal through catalytic liquid-phase oxidation using oxygen gas is a green and efficient method. This study reports a systematic investigation of Pt catalysts supported on CeO₂–ZrO₂–SnO₂ (CZSn)/SBA-16, focusing on the effect of SnO₂ doping as well as CeO₂–ZrO₂–SnO₂ and Pt loading as a comprehensive strategy to tune catalytic performance under mild conditions. This approach offers a more integrated optimization of catalyst structure and composition, leading to enhanced activity and new mechanistic insights into phenol removal over multicomponent oxide-supported Pt catalysts. XRD and H₂-TPR analyses confirmed that 15 mol% Sn (CZSn_0.15) provided optimal redox behavior, while higher Sn content led to phase separation. Catalytic tests at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure showed that Pt7CZSn_0.1516SBA achieved the highest phenol removal (91%). Increasing CZSn loading up to 16 wt% improved activity, though further increase reduced surface area and performance. Meanwhile, Pt loading was optimal at 7 wt%. Kinetic analysis revealed the reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.39 h^-1. The activation energy, derived from Arrhenius plots, was 57.7 kJ·mol^-1. These findings demonstrate that optimized CZSn and Pt loadings significantly enhance phenol oxidation under mild conditions, offering a promising route for effective wastewater treatment.

Exploring Water Henna Flower (Impatiens balsamina L.) Pigment as an Alternative Indicator for Acid-Base Titration

2025-06-06T09:18:15+08:00

Acid-base titration is a common technique used in quantitative analysis in laboratories, with the indicator playing a crucial role in the process. However, synthetic indicators are often costly and can contribute to environmental pollution. As a result, there is a need for alternative, natural acid-base indicators that are affordable and easily accessible. One potential natural indicator is anthocyanin, a pigment found in plants. This study aims to develop an alternative acid-base indicator from the anthocyanin extract of water henna flowers and evaluate its performance in acid-base titrations. The process involved preparing the water henna flower extract, determining its dissociation constant (pI), and testing its effectiveness in acid-base titrations. The pI was found to be 4.22, and the extract exhibited a color change within the pH range of 3.22-5.22, making it suitable for use in acid-base titrations. The water henna flower extract successfully showed clear color transitions at the endpoint of base titrations and provided results comparable to those obtained using methyl orange, accurately determining HCl concentration and sodium bicarbonate levels. This suggests that water henna flower extract can be used as a cost-effective, easily prepared, and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic indicators like methyl orange.

Making Soil Improver Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Leachate and Its Application to Chili, Tomato, Eggplant Plants

2025-06-07T08:20:38+08:00

Liquid organic fertilizer is a solution from the decay of organic materials whose basic ingredients come from animals or plants that have undergone fermentation. This research aims to process traditional market organic waste with the addition of biang which can produce a product in the form of liquid organic fertilizer derived from the combination of biang and leachate. In this research, soil improver liquid organic fertilizer samples were tested and according to a ministerial degree of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 261 of 2019 concerning Organic Fertilizers, Biofertilizers and Soil Improvement. Applications were made on topsoil, subsoil 1, and subsoil 2 containing chili, tomato, and eggplant plants and plant height observations were made for 30 days. Laboratory tests of liquid organic fertilizer for soil improvement, the results obtained only the parameters of heavy metals, pH, C-organic and micronutrients (Fe) that have met the quality standards. The results of plant height observations obtained a significant increase in plant growth and the application of liquid organic fertilizer soil improver can make subsoil soil compete with topsoil soil. Further research needs to be done by utilizing other alternative materials to increase the levels of macro and micronutrients and so that the results obtained can meet the quality standards used.

Synthesis of Vinyl Modified Silica as a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase

2025-06-09T10:34:04+08:00

Silica can be produced through hydrolysis in alkaline conditions via the Stober process and has two main functional groups, namely siloxane (Si-O-Si) and silanol (Si-OH). Vinyl modified silica can be produced from the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) with 25%(v/v) ammonia. VTMS is used as a silica surface modifying agent. The resulting silica-vinyl modification is then used as a stationary phase to fill a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) column. The aim of this research is to synthesize vinyl-modified silica as a HPLC stationary phase and test its performance. Silica-vinyl modification is carried out by first synthesizing silica from TEOS and then modifying the surface using VTMS. Characterization was carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM characterization gave a spherical shape and a diameter of 1.73-2.02 μm. FTIR identification gave good results with the identification of siloxane signals (Si-O-Si) at 1,097 cm^-1 on silica and 2,850 cm^-1 and 2,922 cm^-1 which were C-H vibrations on silica-vinyl. Qualitative identification carried out by the addition of alkenes with I₂ also shows the binding of vinyl groups to the silica surface. The modified silica is then loaded into a 50 mm x 4.6 mm column. The performance test was carried out by separating caffeine and paracetamol compounds. Optimum separation of MeOH:HOH 1:99 eluent with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The resulting resolution is 1,80 and selectivity is 1.52. The resulting calibration curve has an R² value of 0.99156 for caffeine and 0.99431 for paracetamol.

Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Peronema canescens Jack. Using Sodium Acetate/Glycerol-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Source of Natural Antioxidants

2025-06-12T12:23:30+08:00

Peronema canescens Jack (commonly known as sungkai) is an endemic medicinal plant native to Sumatra and Kalimantan, known for its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties are largely attributed to its high content of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Conventional extraction techniques typically utilize organic solvents such as ethanol or methanol, which raise concerns regarding toxicity, cost, and environmental sustainability. This study explores a green extraction strategy employing Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES), formulated from sodium acetate and glycerol at varying molar ratios, to optimize the recovery of antioxidant compounds from sungkai leaves. The extraction process involved maceration for 2 × 24 hours. FTIR analysis identified key functional group absorptions (O–H, C–H, C=C), with distinct spectral shifts and intensity variations, indicating interactions between NADES components and bioactive molecules. Among the four tested formulations, NADES 4 (sodium acetate:glycerol, 1:3) yielded the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 32.30 ppm—classified as very strong and comparable to ascorbic acid. These results demonstrate that the compositional adjustment of NADES significantly influences solvent polarity and extraction efficiency, underscoring their promise as sustainable alternatives for the extraction of natural antioxidants.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Effect of Spirulina platensis Bioactive Molecules through a Multiligand In Silico Approach: Targeting TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGFR2, and KEAP1

2025-06-12T13:49:40+08:00

This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of bioactive molecules derived from Spirulina platensis such as gallic acid, quercetin, acacetin, and pinocembrin in promoting chronic wound healing using a multiligand in silico approach. This strategy may accelerate drug delivery by efficiently identifying potent candidates. Here, four key protein targets involve in wound healing, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), were selected based on their pivotal roles in modulating inflammatory responses, tissue proliferation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress regulation. Molecular docking simulations revealed that the compound combinations of gallic acid–quercetin and acacetin–pinocembrin exhibited the most favorable binding affinities (−13.21 to −15.567 kcal/mol), surpassing the binding energies of native ligands. These combinations demonstrated strong potential to attenuate the overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TGF-β and TNF-α) and to activate the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway through KEAP1 inhibition. Additionally, quercetin and pinocembrin were predicted to modulate VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis in a controlled manner. Overall, Spirulina-derived bioactive displayed promising synergistic and multitarget interactions that could facilitate and accelerate the wound healing process. These findings provide a rational basis for the development of Spirulina-based topical therapeutics, although subsequent in vitro and in vivo validation is required to substantiate their efficacy

Exploring the Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Potential of Roselle Calyx Extracts (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) in n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Fractions

2025-06-12T22:20:46+08:00

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, which result from impaired insulin excretion or sensitivity. Among the various medicinal plants utilized by the Indonesian population, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) stands out as a potential remedy for several diseases including diabetes mellitus. This study aims to assess the inhibitory potential of roselle on α-amylase enzyme activity. The roselle calyx extraction method was performed through multilevel maceration using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Testing the activity of inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme was carried out in vitro using acarbose as a comparison. The findings revealed that the n-hexane extract of roselle calyx exhibited potent α-amylase enzyme inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 20.43 µg/mL. Similarly, roselle calyx ethyl acetate extract demonstrated strongl α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity, characterized by an IC₅₀ value of 10.13 µg/mL. Meanwhile, acarbose exhibited robust α-amylase inhibitory activity, possessing an IC₅₀ value of 4.04 µg/mL. It is worth noting that all these substances displayed α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity in the very active category, although their efficacy was not equivalent to acarbose.

Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant and Anticholesterol Activities with Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Khaya (Khaya anthotheca) Extracts

2025-06-12T23:36:27+08:00

Hypercholesterolemia is closely related to cardiovascular disease, which can increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is related to the development of atherosclerosis because it is related to cellular responses triggered by an imbalance between oxidants and reductants in various layers of blood vessel tissue. K. anthotheca has pharmacological benefits as an antileishmaniasis and antimalarial. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anticholesterol activity of K. anthotheca bark based on the type of solvent and to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content of the most active extract. The results indicated that ethyl acetate extract had the best antioxidant activity compared to n-hexane and ethanol extracts, with an IC₅₀ value of 47.82 ppm, followed by ethanol extract at 48.46 ppm and n-hexane extract at 101.89. The value of antioxidant activity is directly proportional to the anticholesterol activity, where the ethyl acetate extract has an EC₅₀value of 20.42 ppm, the ethanol extract 445.58 ppm, and the n-hexane extract 1,073 ppm. The ethyl acetate extract has a phenolic content of 229.765 mgGAE/g extract and a flavonoid content of 7.63 mgQE/g.

Review on Synthesis, Properties, and Performances of Polymer/ Metal Organic Framework (MOF) composites membranes for water filtration application

2025-06-06T08:23:10+08:00

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have gained considerable attention as a cutting-edge filtration technology, leveraging the combined advantages of polymer and inorganic fillers. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a nanoporous materials, are regarded as highly effective fillers in MMM, significantly enhancing molecular separation efficiency. This article provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis, properties, and performance of polymer/MOFs-based MMMs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ScienceDirect and Google Scholar with keywords such as metal-organic framework, MMMs, polymers, filler, and membrane filtration. Polymer/MOFs-based MMMs are synthesized using techniques including in situ and layer-by-layer assembly methods. The MMMs exhibit porosity distribution ranges from57 to 78.3%, contact angle ranges from 45° to 75.27°. The MMMs have also demonstrated exceptional performance in water permeability and bovine serum albumin (BSA)/salts rejection reached up to 94.03 L/m².h and 99.8%, respectively. These finding highlight the significant potential of polymer/MOFs-based MMMs for advanced water filtration application.

A Review on Hydroxyapatite: Properties, Its Composite, and Its Slow-Release Fertilizers Application

2025-06-09T11:02:51+08:00

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a natural mineral form of calcium apatite, has recently received significant attention due to its potential application as a slow-release fertilizer. This review aims to comprehensively analyze HA and its composites, focusing on properties, synthesis methods, and nutrient release mechanisms in agricultural applications. HA's high biocompatibility, excellent adsorption capacity, and ability to release nutrients gradually make it an ideal candidate for increasing soil fertility and crop yields. This review also explores the incorporation of other materials, such as urea, carboxylated cellulose, and montmorillonite, to form HA composites, thereby increasing their efficiency as fertilizer. In addition, the environmental benefits of using HA-based fertilizers, such as reduced nutrient leaching and improved soil health, were also investigated. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize these materials for practical agricultural use. This review highlights the potential of HA and its composites to revolutionize sustainable agriculture by providing a controlled and efficient nutrient release system.